PM Online 10-23-25 Agenda Unit: What's cooking? Food, Cooking, and Shopping -Singular and Plural Nouns (continued) ----------------------------- Move to next class -Count and Non-Count words (begin) -Conversation Practice ============================== Regular & Irregular Plural Nouns (ellii) https://app.ellii.com/lesson/2493-regular-irregular-plural-nouns Grammar Notes Introduction A noun is a person, place, or thing. A singular noun is 1 person, place, or thing. A plural noun is 2 or more people, places, or things. In English, the plural is usually formed by adding -s to a noun. a book books an apple apples 1 tree 2 trees ----------------------- Rules - Singular Plural Regular Plural Nouns Add "s" most nouns add -s • banana bananas • flower flowers • toy toys • dog dogs • table tables nouns ending in consonant + -y change -y to -i and add -es • candy candies • butterfly butterflies • puppy puppies nouns ending in -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh add -es • kiss kisses • waltz waltzes • box boxes • watch watches • dish dishes nouns ending in -o add -es • potato potatoes • tomato tomatoes • potatoes ---------------------------------------- Irregular Plural Nouns Some nouns in English have irregular plural forms. This means we can’t add -s. Instead, there’s a change to the ending or middle of a word. Rules - Irregular Plural Nouns How to form irregular plural nouns in English nouns ending in -f change -f to -v and add -es • wolf wolves • leaf leaves nouns ending in -fe change -fe to -ve and add -s • knife knives • life lives nouns ending in -us change -us to -i • cactus cacti • syllabus syllabi nouns with a middle -a- change -a- to -e- • man men • woman women nouns with a middle -oo- change -oo- to -ee- • tooth teeth • foot feet nouns with a middle -ou- change -ou- to -i- and change -s- to -c- • mouse mice • louse lice word change • child children • person people no change • deer deer • fish fish sheep sheep Exceptions Not all nouns with the middle vowels -a-, -oo-, and -ou- follow the irregular plural rules. Some nouns take a regular -s ending, such as: • car cars • booth booths • house houses -------------------------------------- Regular Plurals individual responses Write the regular plural form of each noun in brackets. toy toys candy candies watch watches chair chairs dog dogs tomato tomatoes pillow pillows sister sisters T-shirt T-shirts ------------------------------ Irregular Plurals fill-in-the-blank individual responses foot feet child children mouse mice ------------------ BREAK 6:30 - 6:45 ----------------- leaf leaves man men person people knife knives deer deer cactus cacti ------------------------- Find the Error (ellii) individual responses There are a lot of sheep in that field. sheep sheep People say that this class is difficult. person people Do you do the dishes every night. dish dishes There are 6 roses in that bouquet. rose roses I have a lot of books in my bookshelf. book books cat cats dog dogs They said they have happy lives. life lives spell the plural word for 'life' She brushes her teeth every morning. tooth teeth We like catching butterflies in the summer. butterfly butterflies He became friends with a pack of ..... in that movie. wolf wolves There were many men and women at the concert. man men woman women --------------------------------- Quiz (ellii) multiple choice individual responses Circle the correct plural noun. cat cats box boxes thief thieves loaf loaves sandwich sandwiches kiss kisses mouse mice louse lice We need to complete the quiz in our next class. End Class =========================